The Archive · Count: 159
Articles
Stories about scientific progress.
Asimov Press is Back
Asimov Press returns with a renewed focus on original reporting, investigations, and thesis-driven philanthropy.
A Brief History of Bioinformatics Software
How computer scientists on the fringes of biology made sense of sequencing data.
A Brief History of Lab Notebooks
How experimental recordings have changed, from the Renaissance through today.
Metaphors for Biology: Evolution
A series of quantitative metaphors on the speeds of representative events in evolutionary biology. The end of our three-part series.
How to Build a Strep A Vaccine
After decades of scientific and regulatory delays, several Strep A vaccine candidates are entering clinical trials. Without further funding for phase 3 studies, however, many will be hamstrung.
That's All, for Now
We're pausing Asimov Press.
Designing AI for Disruptive Science
Why scaling AI won’t automatically lead to paradigm shifts.
Why Lab Coats are White
How a blood-stained surgeon's frock evolved into a pristine symbol of modern science.
How Φ80 Infiltrates Research Labs
While some bacteriophages play vital roles in laboratory research, others are bent on sabotage.
How to Design Antibodies
A step-by-step guide to making de novo binders, by Brian Naughton.
Why Are Viral Capsids Icosahedral?
Viral capsid structure is a geometric packing problem under genetic constraints.
Dead Reckoning
Bioarchaeologists recently identified a murdered medieval royal. Now, they are trying to shed light on other ancient deaths.
Working in Glass
How a twisted triangle of glass tubing helped democratize chemistry and build the modern laboratory.
AI Won't Automatically Accelerate Clinical Trials
A critique of a snippet from Dario Amodei and Dwarkesh Patel’s recent interview.
A Visual Guide to DNA Sequencing
How to “read” nucleic acids, from Sanger to nanopores.
The Legibility Problem
What happens in a world where AIs make scientific discoveries that humans cannot understand?
The Origins of Agar
First introduced into laboratories in 1881, agar remains indispensable as a culture medium.
Baseline Drift
A eulogy to the reference human. Words by Eliomer H. Kaas.
Scent, In Silico
Once a primal instinct, olfaction is now being mapped, measured, and modeled by machines.
Making the Vortex Mixer
The forgotten story of an invention found in every biology lab.
A Brief History of Xenopus
From early experiments on fertility and embryonic development to becoming the first cloned eukaryote from an adult cell, Xenopus frogs have had an outsized influence on the life sciences.
What It's Like To Be A Worm
Finding evidence of “sentience” is fraught, whether in a comatose patient, an animal, or a neural net.
Metaphors for Biology: Time
A series of quantitative metaphors on the speeds of common events in molecular biology.
Building Brains on a Computer
A roadmap for brain emulation models at the human scale. Words by Max Schons.
Mystery of the Head Activator
A biological puzzle that made one researcher and ruined another might never be solved. Words by Brady Huggett.
Solving the Electroporation Bottleneck
Cultivarium, a focused research organization, has built a custom electroporator to engineer non-model organisms at scale.
Inventing the Methods Section
What the evolution of scientific methods says about their future.
Why Do Research Institutes Often Look the Same?
Despite attempts at variation, many new research organizations are canalized into just a handful of forms.
Editor's Note: Issue 09
A look inside Issue 09.
How Nature Became a 'Prestige' Journal
Since launching in 1869, Nature has evolved from a periodical offering commentary on pigeons to the prestige journal in science. But how did Nature build its reputation, and can it last?
China's Clinical Trial Boom
In 2017, there were just over 600 clinical trials initiated in China. By 2023, that number was nearly 2,000. How can American companies kick off a similar boom?
Clinic-in-the-Loop
Clinical trials are engines for scientific discovery. Better drugs require not just more trials, but also improved data collection, to create therapeutic feedback loops.
Why the FDA Is Slow to Remove Drugs
On the 90-year saga of oral phenylephrine.
A Most Important Mustard
On the origins of Arabidopsis thaliana, the premier model for plant biology.
The Penicillin Myth
Competing theories seek to explain inconsistencies surrounding Alexander Fleming's famed discovery.
How to See the Dead
A retinal implant designer must decide if translating mourning into light is progress or a refusal to let go. Fiction by Spencer Nitkey.
Animalcules and Their Motors
Advances in cryo-electron microscopy are revealing the molecular intricacies of cell movement.
What Makes an Experiment Beautiful?
A beautiful experiment is not just a reflection of human ingenuity but also efficient science.
Limit Thinking
To make things better, first prove how good they can possibly be.
Metaphors for Biology: Sizes
A series of quantitative metaphors on the sizes and shapes of biomolecules and organisms.
An Antivenom Cocktail, Made by a Llama
A new broad-coverage antivenom, made by mixing eight different nanobodies, protects mice against snakebites from 17 of 18 deadly species in Africa.
Making the Electron Microscope
In a little over a century, the electron microscope evolved from a tool barely capable of resolving virus particles into one able to capture atomic detail.
Why Nigeria Accepted GMOs
Genetically modified crops are finding a foothold in the Global South, producing some unlikely leaders in agritech.
The Price of E. coli
Bioengineers commonly view microbes as reprogrammable “cellular factories” for manufacturing high-value molecules. But what are we throwing away?
Atomic-Scale Protein Filters
How aquaporin and potassium channels filter hundreds of millions of water molecules or ions each second, by positioning the correct amino acid in the perfect place.
A Liver on Ice
How a liver goes from a brain-dead donor to a living recipient. Words by Donna Vatnick.
Our Next Book: Making the Modern Laboratory
Asimov Press's next book explores the history behind the tools and methods of modern biology — and how you can help write it.
A Shift from Animal Testing
There has been a push toward animal-free alternatives in scientific research. But the success of such alternatives hinges upon whether and where they can outperform standard animal models.
Seeing Microbes from the Sky
Biotechnology needs more and better transducers. Scientists can now spot engineered microbes from up to 90 meters away using hyperspectral cameras mounted to drones.
The World's Most Common Surgery
In 4,000 years, cataract surgery went from a crude procedure involving thorn instruments to a 20-minute operation with a 95 percent clinical success rate. The next step is broadening access.
Editor's Note
A look inside Issue 08.
AI-Designed Phages
A new paper shows that a generative AI model can design viable bacteriophages.
What We Find in the Sewers
Our ancestors once spread their excess effluent on their fields; now we mine it for vital molecules.
Pausing Insect Activity
Seasonal dormancy features in the life cycle of many insects. We can harness it for biological control, insect farming, and disease vector management at scale.
The Weight of a Cell
A single yeast cell weighs about one million times less than a grain of sand. But how do we know this?
Leeches and the Legitimizing of Folk-Medicine
While we've derived useful molecules from the leech, live leech therapy has been largely marginalized in the West. It is time we reevaluate why.
Meet the Flower Designer Who Built a Laboratory In His Home
Sebastian Cocioba, a vocal advocate for amateur science, built a home laboratory from spare parts and second-hand machines purchased on eBay.
The Flower Designer
A plant biologist's quest to design and create 1,000 unique flowers, mostly in his spare time.
The Sunlight Budget of Earth
Sunlight represents a seemingly endless source of largely untapped energy. Just how endless is it? An order-of-magnitude accounting of Earth's sunlight budget.
How to Scale Proteomics
A look inside Parallel Squared Technology Institute, a focused research organization trying to make analyzing a proteome as easy as DNA sequencing.
Spinning Bacteria
By spinning bacteria in circles, scientists figured out how phage viruses time their escape from an infected cell.
A Visual Guide to Gene Delivery
There are at least 10,000 known monogenic diseases. When attempting to cure them, how do clinicians decide which gene-therapy delivery method is best?
Cable Bacteria are Living Batteries
How a discovery in a Danish lake changed our understanding of biological communities and energy.
Culture Shift
We tend to think of fermented foods as something humans invented and then chose to eat. But the evidence shows the opposite: fermented foods shaped human biology.
What Makes a Mature Science
Mechanism alone cannot make a science credible. It must describe its subject matter in terms of entities, properties, and rules.
The First Weight Loss Drugs
Long before Ozempic and Mounjaro, there were mitochondrial uncouplers. While deadly if not used with care, it might be time for them to make a comeback.
The Uncertain Origins of Aspirin
The history of humanity's pharmacopeia is often muddied by folklore. What can the origins of aspirin teach us about separating fact from fiction?
A Night of Food Futurism
A science fiction story brought to life through a pro-GMO dinner.
Farma: Speculative Gastronomy
Despite years on the defensive, GMOs and other food technology can improve human and planetary health. A new restaurant is embracing this potential.
Inside ARIA, the UK's Bet to Build Scientific Revolutions
An interview with Ilan Gur, CEO of ARIA, about the organization's efforts to build scientific waves.
Life as Slime
Prominent scientists continue to claim life is “just” slime on a spinning rock. However, in an age when the rarity and fragility of biological life are increasingly evident, it’s time to retire the metaphor.
A Visual Guide to Genome Editors
A selected encyclopedia of major gene-editing systems, together with illustrated diagrams.
The Eternal Life and Art of Maxwell Ardeen
Bioart emerges where biological science, technology, and aesthetics collide. For one terminally ill artist, it offered a chance at immortality.
Toxic Proteins for Drug Discovery
Toxic amino acids, peptides, and proteins — which first evolved as molecular weapons deployed by species in conflict — can also serve as blueprints for pharmaceutical innovation.
Reservoirs of Resistance
By studying the millennia-old arms race between soil-dwelling microbes, scientists can pre-empt antibiotic resistance before it emerges in people.
Keeping Ahead of Contagion
We have the technology to detect airborne pathogens in real time. Now we must use it.
Model Organisms Are Not Static
A research study reveals that some vertebrate genomes mutate 40-times faster than others—and that model organisms quietly change over generations.
Seven Wonders of Biology
A decades-old essay offers newfound appreciation for progress.
How Much Information is in DNA?
Answering this question may seem straightforward, but actually requires an odyssey through information theory and molecular biology.
Making the Centrifuge
The modern centrifuge was first designed for milkfat separation in the dairy industry. Today, it is ubiquitous in research laboratories. To whom do we owe its astonishing versatility?
A Brief History of GFP
How a chance discovery in bioluminescent jellyfish led to one of the most transformative tools in modern biology.
Eulogy to the Obits
With a litany of gene therapies and longevity medicine staving off biological death, those paid to write about it must reimagine their craft.
Can Plants Really “See”?
Some researchers claim that a Chilean vine can mimic the leaves of a plastic houseplant thanks to a form of primitive vision. But extraordinary claims require equally extraordinary evidence.
The Magic of Fast Feedback Loops
Why biologists should operate with a sense of urgency.
Recipe for a Cell
While we know how to break organisms down to their constituent parts, even at the atomic level, building them from scratch remains difficult.
On Prions and Protein Design
Prions are extremely resilient, infectious proteins. Studying their shape-shifting abilities could reveal lessons for how proteins fold at a molecular level, helping scientists design better ones.
The Origins of Adjuvants
More than a century after the invention of vaccines, a veterinarian stumbled across a technique to boost their efficacy in an unlikely way — by observing wounded horses.
The Nobel Duel
A cautionary tale about the competitive pressures of scientific research, and how they alter the course of history.
What Limits a Cell's Size?
Two physical constraints help explain why cells are so tiny: surface area-to-volume ratios and diffusion. The first article in our new Data Series.
A Brief History of the Miracle Bacterium
Serratia marcescens, a pathogen with an uncanny resemblance to blood, has had an outsized influence on modern science.
Meet the Humans Building AI Scientists
A look inside FutureHouse, a nonprofit research institute in San Francisco.
Healing My Family's Future
How genetics and IVF empowered a family to leave cancer behind.
Making a “Miracle” HIV Medicine
Lenacapavir — a long-acting, injectable drug — may be our strongest tool yet to curb HIV, provided it reaches those who need it most.
Evo 2 Can Design Entire Genomes
A new AI model for biology, released by Arc Institute and NVIDIA, can predict which mutations within a gene are likely to be harmful and even design small, eukaryotic genomes.
The Making of a Gene Circuit
An interactive visualization of the repressilator, a genetic circuit that gave rise to synthetic biology.
AI-Designed Enzymes
Researchers at the Institute for Protein Design have made a computationally-designed, multi-step enzyme.
Barcoding Brains
Connectomics — mapping every physical connection between neurons — is expensive and inefficient. E11 Bio is designing a tool to expedite progress.
A Search for Sick Animals
A 2020 study suggests that monkeys can develop Parkinson’s, just like humans. Why haven't the findings been duplicated, and what will it take to find more “natural” animal models?
The Battle For Better Air
A brief history of how our built environments were shaped by everything from flues and humble windows to cutting-edge HVAC systems.
A Writing Fellowship on Scientific Progress
Works in Progress and Asimov Press are launching a paid six-month fellowship.
The Quest for Universal Flu Vaccines
Modern flu vaccines have an average efficacy of just 40 percent, and they must be revamped each year. How can we make vaccines that are “universal” — both broadly-protective and highly potent?
The Gentle Romance
What the journey from AI assistant to full-virtuality can teach us about the nature of love.
Gregor Mendel's Vanishing Act
After his death in 1884, thousands of Gregor Mendel's letters and notes — filled with scientific data and figures — were destroyed. What did the friar discover, and what have we forgotten?
Stories We'd Like to Publish
A public list of biotechnology essay ideas that Asimov Press would like to publish. Ideas up for grabs, for new and experienced writers alike.
Stories We'd Like to Publish (Part II)
A sizeable list, covering everything from "The $100 Electron Microscope" to "A Brief History of NSAIDs." Come write with us!
Edwin Cohn and the Harvard Blood Factory
How a chemistry "purist" built one of World War II's greatest applied R&D laboratories.
Editor's Note
Launching the fifth Issue of our award-winning, digital magazine.
The Dangers of Mirrored Life
Creating mirrored organisms using synthetic biology could seriously harm extant life, a 300-page report claims. While the risks from mirrored life are uncertain, it is best not to find out.
Inside Job: Secret Histories in the National Museum
Discovering a secret bioweapons program in the Smithsonian archives.
Francis Crick Was Misunderstood
The Central Dogma is not a "dogma," and it has never been broken.
The Pursuit of Parenthood
The rise and regulation of reproductive technologies — a deeply researched history of IVF, from WWII-era experiments to cutting-edge uterine transplants.
How to Measure Molecules
A 19th-century physicist, Lord Rayleigh, was the first to experimentally measure the size of individual molecules — using little more than oil, water, and a back-of-the-envelope calculation.
Mitochondria Are Alive
The physical world is an intricate dance between matter, information, and energy. Recognizing that mitochondria are alive will open new horizons into how we learn about, and build with, biology.
Levers for Biological Progress
Thoughts on Dario Amodei’s “Machines of Loving Grace.”
The Long Road to End Tuberculosis
The vaccine and antibiotics available to treat tuberculosis have curbed cases, but more innovations are needed to halt its spread and counteract drug resistance.
The Forgotten Pandemic
Humans have suffered from tuberculosis for thousands of years and, even today, the disease kills more than 1 million people each year. Yet diagnosing cases remains a challenge. Why?
A Defense of Peer Review
Why scientists should strengthen, rather than replace, the peer review system.
To Be Born in a Bag
Despite recent progress, artificial wombs still face technical challenges. De-extinction efforts, of all things, are driving it forward. Just how much is anyone’s guess.
Models of Life
In the 2020s, nobody paid much attention to foundation models. But sixty years later, they were being used to design medicines, gene therapies and, eventually, new forms of life.
How A Cell Anticipates the Seasons
Further evidence of biological intelligence. Cyanobacteria can sense shortening days and rewire their cell membranes to prepare for cold weather — all thanks to a molecular clock made from just three proteins.
Making Eggs Without Ovaries
It may soon be possible to make human eggs from stem cells, thanks to advances in a technology called in vitro oogenesis.
On Fables and Nuanced Charts
While data visualizations appear to present information objectively, they are laden with assumptions. Some of those assumptions are held by the chart maker, and others are held by you.
Is That DNA Dangerous?
Synthetic DNA poses biosecurity risks that curated databases and screening algorithms can minimize. Here's how they work now and how they could improve.
Defense-Forward Biosecurity
DNA sequencing is becoming better and cheaper. So are AI tools that can decode the results. It's time to build a genomic surveillance network that can detect emerging outbreaks at their source.
Day Zero Antivirals for Future Pandemics
Medicines modeled off the innate immune system have the best chance of protecting us during the next viral outbreak.
Measuring the Black Death
Reports suggest that between 40 and 60 percent of the population died during the bubonic plague that swept through Europe in the mid-1300s. What accounts for this wide range of estimates?
Raising Welfare for Lab Rodents
The science of animal welfare is exploding, offering new ways to improve conditions for millions of research animals a year.
Where's the Synthetic Blood?
Synthetic blood cells could solve blood shortages, but only if technical challenges are surmounted and costs are slashed.
Inside the Laboratory for Extraordinary Microbes
Cultivarium, a small nonprofit, is building tools to grow and engineer peculiar organisms—and then giving their discoveries away for free.
The First Patented G.M.O.
The Supreme Court case that built the biotechnology industry.
Breaking the Speed Limit on Cell Division
The slow growth of model organisms delays biological research. Engineering cells to divide more quickly could speed it up.
The Promise of Gas Vesicles
Gas vesicles are protein shells that reflect soundwaves. They were first discovered in lake-dwelling microbes in Germany but now enable scientists to "hear" individual cells within the body.
What Limits a Genome's Size?
A tiny fern has a genome 50 times larger than a human's. Energy and diffusion—not the nucleus volume—are the key bottlenecks to more expansive growth.
Driving Toward Nanopores
A nanopore sequencer is a tiny device that can read DNA with high accuracy. Its invention, made possible by merging hardware with machine learning, holds lessons for other measurement tools.
Editor's Note
Introducing Issue 03 of Asimov Press.
The Mouse as a Microscope
How the mouse found its way from Victorian novelty to a biomedical mainstay.
Lessons on Starting a Magazine
Announcing the first Asimov Press book — and what we've learned so far about starting a magazine and printing books.
Before They Hatch
New technologies, such as in-ovo sexing, on-farm hatching, and in-ovo vaccination can make the poultry supply chain both better for animal welfare and more efficient.
Why Nothing Can Grow on Mars*
Water is the most significant bottleneck in terraforming the Red Planet.
Tinker
What happens when an AI designs the chips needed to make its successors?
Discovering an Antimalarial Drug in Mao’s China
Chinese scientists discovered artemisinin in 1971 as part of a secret military project that merged Eastern and Western medicine.
Synthetic Origins
Michael Elowitz on the early years of synthetic biology and the programmability of living cells.
Beyond Steel Tanks
GLP-1 drugs could one day outsell iPhones, but there is not enough biomanufacturing capacity to make them. For solutions, we should look away from the factory.
Making Cells Young
In the laboratory, cellular reprogramming can reverse epigenetic damage and reset cells to a "young" state. Can we do the same for entire organisms?
Making of "The Vector Zoo"
The triumphs and travails of the writing process.
The Vector Zoo
A tour through the Vector Zoo, where a future city commemorates its victory over zoonotic disease — and the Great Separation that made it possible.
Blocked Transmission
Fomites are inanimate objects that can transfer pathogens. New-age materials and sprays inhibit their spread.
Fast Biology
Living cells are frenzied, crowded places. Numbers help us make sense of it.
Making the First Transgenic Ants
Engineered ants are helping to reveal the neuroscience of pheromone signaling.
What Science Can Learn from Car Mechanics
An interrogative technique to identify the root of molecular problems.
Deliberate Dysentery
Progress and pitfalls in human challenge trials — an interview with Jake Eberts of 1Day Sooner, who volunteered for both Zika and Shigella challenge studies.
Making the Micropipette
The innovation and litigation behind biology's most ubiquitous tool.
Scaling Phage Therapy
What it will take to transform bacteriophages into a 21st-century medicine.
Welcome to Asimov Press
A new publishing venture that aims to make sense of this era of biology.
Antibiotics Are an Economic Failure
Social practice and market shortcomings are the bottleneck for solving antibiotic resistance; not molecular discovery.
Announcing Issue 06: Blood-Red Microbes, AI Scientists, Nobel Duels
Plus: A partnership with Astera Institute and our first job posting.
Editor's Note
Announcing a special mini-issue devoted to biotechnology's role in pandemic prevention.
Issue 07 Launches Monday
Featuring articles on aspirin's murky origins, scaling proteomics, and the history of fermentation.
Asimov Press' New Book, Written in DNA
Pre-orders are open for the first commercially-available book to be encoded in DNA and sold in both mediums.