Making the Vortex Mixer

The forgotten story of an invention found in every biology lab.

From early experiments on fertility and embryonic development to becoming the first cloned eukaryote from an adult cell, Xenopus frogs have had an outsized influence on the life sciences.

Finding evidence of “sentience” is fraught, whether in a comatose patient, an animal, or a neural net.

A roadmap for brain emulation models at the human scale.

Cultivarium, a focused research organization, has built a custom electroporator to engineer non-model organisms at scale.

Despite attempts at variation, many new research organizations are canalized into just a handful of forms.